环境公害的本土化解读与法律应对——以四川藏区矿产资源开发公害为对象

以四川藏区矿产资源的开发利用为研究对象，一方面，从环境公害本土化的视角解读四川藏区的资源开发公害问题；另一方面，从法律的价值和应对的视角对资源开发公害问题进行法律规制，以期对四川藏区生态环境的保护有所裨益。     

基于事故树的三峡库区水体污染公共安全事件诱因分析

三峡库区蓄水后对长江水体自净能力的极大削弱，沿江聚集的各类生产、生活活动对长江水质的多渠道污染极易引发库区各类水体污染公共安全事件。结合对库区水体污染公共安全事件多维度诱发因素的调研结果，运用事故树的分析方法对三峡库区水体污染公共安全事件的逐级诱发过程进行分析。研究表明：存在13条诱发库区水体污染公共安全事件的路径以及3条防治水体污染公共安全事件的路径；在不考虑诱因发生概率的情况下，排污因素是诱发库区水体污染公共安全事件最重要、最根本的因素，促成库区水体自净能力下降的回水区变长，水流紊动减弱和水位抬升三方面因素是次重要的诱发因素。只有对不同的诱因施行不同的监测和控制策略，才能对库区水体污染公共安全事件开展有效预警、预控.     

发达与欠发达地区耕地保护行为中的利益机制分析

本文从当前发达与欠发达地区耕地保护上的利益矛盾入手，以它们之间的内在经济关系为基础，运用局部均衡分析方法，构建了一个简单的经济模型，对上述矛盾“零和博弈”的长期效应进行了揭示，并讨论了消除这种不良影响的政策或制度安排。     

我国水事纠纷解决机制探析

水事纠纷解决机制是一系列水事纠纷解决方式所组成的整体，该机制是民事主体或行政区域水资源权利受到侵害，以及遭受水污染侵权损害的重要救济途径。虽然我国相关法律对水事纠纷的解决方式已作出规定，但是这些法律规定较为分散、不系统，还没有形成一个有机的整体，造成运用该机制解决水事纠纷的效果较差。为了保障水事纠纷及时、有效地得以解决，完善我国的水事纠纷解决机制已迫在眉睫。     

Protecting people and property: the influence of land-use planners on flood hazard mitigation in New Urbanist developments

Research suggests that characteristics of local government land-use planners help determine the priority that local communities place on flood hazard mitigation. However, research has not examined the significance of land-use planners' values and role orientations for flood hazard mitigation. Multiple regression analysis is used to examine the influence that land-use planners' values and role orientations have on flood hazard mitigation in a national sample of New Urbanist development projects. Findings indicate that land-use planners' values and role orientations have significant implications for flood hazard mitigation in these projects. The paper recommends that local governments adopt a land-use planning approach to flood hazard mitigation that relies on land-use planners to help direct development away from hazardous portions of development sites.     

Collaborative emergency management: better community organising, better public preparedness and response

Community coordination requires communication and planning of precautions to take when faced with a severe threat of disaster. The unique case of the four Florida hurricanes of 2004--Charley, Frances, Ivan, and Jeanne--is used here to assess community responses to repeated threats of hurricanes. The paper examines how effectiveness in coordinating community disaster response efforts affects future public preparedness. The findings suggest that pre-season planning, open communication between emergency managers and elected officials, and the use of technology all had a significant impact on community responses. The repeated threat scenario indicates that emergency managers must work vigilantly to keep residents informed of the seriousness of a situation. The study describes how emergency managers in Florida countered public complacency during four hurricanes in six weeks. The strategies identified as useful by public managers in the context of hurricanes are applicable to other natural and man-made disasters.     

公众聚集场所人群疏散基础数据的分析

针对直接利用国外的人群疏散基础数据进行我国公共聚集场所人群疏散的模拟将会产生不准确的预测结果、导致这些场所人员安全得不到保证的问题,通过对大量国内外相关数据的搜集、整理和分析,确定了6种基础数据是建立疏散模型和开发疏散模拟软件的必备基础,包括:人员类型和人群的组成、人员水平投影面积和形状、人员密度、人员行走速度、边界效应宽度和预动作时间;总结出获取基础数据的4种主要方法,即直接观测和录像观测、人群疏散演习、个体试验和问卷调查;并确定了可在现有资料中直接获得并使用的数据以及仍需要进一步研究确定的数据。研究结论为公共聚集场所人群疏散问题的研究提供了参考和依据。     

Perceiving the Environment from the Lay Perspective in Desertified Areas,Northern China

Investigating local people’s environmental perceptions can produce useful information that could be incorporated into decision making processes that help resolve environmental problems. Although China is undergoing severe desertification, the perceptions of the local people toward their degraded environment and the related issues have so far not been actively solicited. This article, which is a supplement to Lee and Zhang’s (2004, 2005) studies, seeks to further investigate the lay public’s general environmental attitudes, perceptions of desertification, interpretations of land-degrading activities, and particularly their interrelations in severely desertified areas. Minqin County in Gansu Province, northern China, was chosen to be the study area. Data was collected via a questionnaire survey (n = 1138) administered in December 2002. Major findings were: (1) Most respondents had only weak altruistic environmental attitudes, with educational level to be a significant determinant. (2) Respondents’ perceptions of desertification and interpretations of land-degrading activities were contingent on personal attributes, general environmental attitudes, and other conceptions related to desertification. It is recommended that the interrelations between the various aspects of the public’s environmental perceptions should be thoroughly examined to facilitate their participation in environmental management.     

A critical and empirical analysis of the national-local ‘gap’ in public responses to large-scale energy infrastructures

A national-local ‘gap’ is often used as the starting point for analyses of public responses to large scale energy infrastructures. We critique three assumptions found in that literature: the public's positive attitudes, without further examining other type of perceptions at a national level; that local perceptions are best examined through a siting rather than place-based approach; that a gap exists between national and local responses, despite a non-correspondence in how these are examined. Survey research conducted at national and local levels about electricity transmission lines in the UK confirm these criticisms. Results do not support a gap between national and local levels; instead, both differences and similarities were found. Results show the value of adopting a place-based approach and the role of surveys to inform policy making are discussed.     

Managers as drivers of CSR in state-owned enterprises

Corporate social responsibility (CSR) is increasingly required not only of private sector companies, but also of state-owned enterprises (SOEs), whose main function is to provide services to society and not principally to obtain financial reward. The important role played by managers in implementing CSR has been demonstrated by prior research. The objective of this paper is to examine how managers of SOEs perceive the concept of CSR, the reasons for their involvement and how it is integrated into everyday business practices. In addition, we examine whether managers' attitudes towards CSR policies are influenced by their personal profiles and by the sector in which the SOEs work. We find that, although these managers are aware of the importance of the CSR principles underlying their activities and understand the meaning, scope and dimensions of CSR, there remains an evident need to enhance the application of CSR policies among the strategies of SOEs. The manager profile and the sector in which the SOEs work both have a strong influence on their behaviour regarding CSR issues.